DNA/RNA to Protein Translation
Translate DNA or RNA coding sequences to protein sequences. Use the sequence input to add one sequence, paste FASTA, or upload FASTA/CSV files.
Add DNA or RNA sequences to begin.
How This DNA/RNA to Protein Translator Works
This calculator uses the standard genetic code to translate DNA or RNA codons into one-letter amino acid codes. RNA sequences are normalized by converting U to T before translation, so AUG and ATG are both translated as methionine (M).
Complement Rules
| Base | Complement |
|---|---|
| A | T |
| T or U | A |
| G | C |
| C | G |
| N | N |
Translation Rules
- Frame 1 starts translation at nucleotide 1, frame 2 at nucleotide 2, and frame 3 at nucleotide 3.
- Reverse complement mode reverses the submitted sequence and applies the complement rules before translation.
- Incomplete trailing codons are not translated and are reported as warnings.
- Codons containing N or another unresolved nucleotide are translated as X.
- Stop codons can be shown as *, trimmed at the first stop, or removed from the output.
- All parsing and translation runs in your browser; uploaded sequence files are not sent to Neurosnap servers by this viewer.
Standard Codon Table
| Amino Acid | Codons |
|---|---|
| Alanine (A) | GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG |
| Arginine (R) | CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG |
| Asparagine (N) | AAT, AAC |
| Aspartic acid (D) | GAT, GAC |
| Cysteine (C) | TGT, TGC |
| Glutamine (Q) | CAA, CAG |
| Glutamic acid (E) | GAA, GAG |
| Glycine (G) | GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG |
| Histidine (H) | CAT, CAC |
| Isoleucine (I) | ATT, ATC, ATA |
| Leucine (L) | TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG |
| Lysine (K) | AAA, AAG |
| Methionine (M) | ATG |
| Phenylalanine (F) | TTT, TTC |
| Proline (P) | CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG |
| Serine (S) | TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC |
| Threonine (T) | ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG |
| Tryptophan (W) | TGG |
| Tyrosine (Y) | TAT, TAC |
| Valine (V) | GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG |
| Stop (*) | TAA, TAG, TGA |
For reverse translation, we suggest using Neurosnap's codon optimization tools because the codons you want to use are highly dependent on the host and desired research objectives. Use our codon optimization tools to design host-aware coding sequences.
Citation
If you've found this tool to be useful, please consider citing us as seen below.
Neurosnap Inc. (2022). Neurosnap: An online platform for computational biology and chemistry. Available at: https://neurosnap.ai/ |
Frequently Asked Questions
For additional questions, please feel free to contact us here.
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Is my data safe and confidential on Neurosnap?
Absolutely. Any data you submit to Neurosnap is treated with strict confidentiality and protected under our robust Terms of Use and Privacy Policy Moreover, the tools on this page run entirely in your browser, meaning files never leave your device—further reinforcing our commitment to privacy and security.
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Why does this page exist?
Opening and analyzing common molecular biology file formats can often be tedious, and easy-to-use web-based alternatives are scarce. Since Neurosnap specializes in simplifying molecular biology and chemistry research, we decided to share some of our internal viewers with the broader scientific community—so everyone can benefit from quick, interactive access.
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Can I use the viewers on this page for academic or commercial work?
Yes. The viewers here are freely available for both academic and commercial use. If you're looking for more advanced capabilities, our other tools and services offer extended functionality with different pricing and licensing options.